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Although this procedure may be effective for some individuals, it typically includes a period of rehabilitation with physical therapy and carries certain risks

This connection to an endogenous protective factor, combined with the breadth of preclinical research showing activity across multiple physiological systems, has contributed to the peptide's popular attention

(2024, CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics ) confirmed ARA-290 provided neuroprotective effects in a mouse MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion) model comparable to full-length EPO, significantly reducing neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines, confirmed to act via CR without stimulating erythropoiesis Blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration confirmed in pre-clinical studies

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