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DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3754 Bensky MJ et al, "Comparison of sublingual vs

Assessment considerations include: Serum B12 measurement may be considered before initiating Ozempic in high-risk patients (those on metformin, older adults, those with gastrointestinal symptoms, or with restricted diets) Testing for B12 deficiency should be performed in patients on metformin who develop symptoms suggestive of deficiency, as advised by the MHRA Drug Safety Update Consider periodic monitoring in patients with risk factors for B12 deficiency, rather than routine annual testing for all patients Full blood count to identify macrocytic anaemia, which may indicate B12 or folate deficiency Clinical assessment for symptoms of deficiency: fatigue, paraesthesia, cognitive changes, glossitis, or balance problems If B12 levels are borderline or if clinical suspicion remains despite normal serum B12 (measured in pmol/L, with laboratory-specific reference ranges), additional testing may be considered according to local laboratory protocols

The disorder is caused by a mutation in the gene that tells the body how to make hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body
"While fat deposition in the liver is reversible in its early stages, its progression to NASH causes liver dysfunction, cirrhosis and increases the risk for liver cancer," said Dr Madhulika Tripathi, first author of the study, who is a senior research fellow with the Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation at Duke-NUS' Cardiovascular & Metabolic Programme