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10.1038/17135 Nature 190 SuyamaK.WatanabeM.SakabeK.OkadaY.MatsuyamaD.KuroiwaM.et al (2011)

The rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway is Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), which is upregulated by pro-inflammatory agents such as interferon- (IFN-) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-12 (IL-12), all cytokines that are released during inflammatory responses (Yang et al., 2024)

The expected results were obtained, i.e., liver and kidney homogenates were generally shown to be associated with higher catalase activity than other tissues (Fig