penn state electronic cigarette dependence index Using the Nicotine (possible range 0–20), #ecig dependence increased slightly through Week 4 and then declined. At all timepoints, ecig dependence was significantly lower than combustible dependence Full article: Disposable electronic cigarettes
Full article: Disposable electronic cigarettes chemical composition and health effects of their use. A systematic review Development and initial validation of a new self report measure to assess perceived dependence on tobacco and nicotine products Scientific Reports Vaping May Reduce Smoking Without Increasing Dependence Tobacco Reporter Traditional and Electronic Cigarette Usage Patterns, Dependence, and Perceptions Among Ajman University Students Nicotine induced conditioned place preferences in humans ScienceDirect
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