legal age to buy tobacco california California's smoking raised from 18 21 under bills signed by Gov. Brown Experts call for 'tobacco-free world'

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Another limitation of this study is the use of a self-report measures of smoking status and the absence of bio-verification, considering the potential for fraud in online studies it is difficult to be certain that all participants smoked tobacco weekly [39]

doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03428-6 80

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Possible mechanism of the impact of smoking on microbiome Massive studies demonstrated the adverse health impacts of tobacco on systemic pathophysiologic changes that can lead to disease, were associated with the chemicals, heavy metals, particulate matter and other constituents in tobacco [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]