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2a, b, when different concentrations of PDA@Pt (0, 25, 50, 100 g/mL) are irradiated with NIR light (808 nm, 1 W/cm 2 ) for 10 min in PBS, the temperature rise exhibits good concentration dependence which can increase to 68.9 C at a concentration of 100 g/mL

Whey isolate is made from the same liquid part of milk that a concentrate is but undergoes additional processing to remove as much of the fat and carbohydrates as possible, which artificially elevates the protein content to 90% by weight

They are widely expressed on immune cells, enterocytes, sensory neurons and glial cells

For instance, a 6-week study in 66 people with type 2 diabetes found that taking 30 grams of glutamine powder daily improved multiple risk factors for heart disease and reduced both belly and body fat ( Similarly, a 2-week study using the same amount of glutamine observed decreased waist circumference, a marker for belly fat, in 39 people with overweight or obesity ( In another small study, 6 women who took glutamine supplements for 4 weeks experienced significant reductions in body weight and belly fat without making other dietary or lifestyle changes ( Yet, a study in 24 adults indicated that taking 6 grams of glutamine led to an increase in meal size, which may hinder weight loss ( Moreover, another study that examined the effects of taking a glutamine supplement in combination with exercise noted no benefits for body composition or muscle performance ( Keep in mind that all of these studies used very small sample sizes and only evaluated the short-term effects of glutamine supplements

USA 116 , 1197211977 (2019)