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E N D Presentation Transcript Economies In the Colonies Southern Colonies Based on commercial agriculture (Tobacco 1st cash crop) Rice, Indigo Plantations Tobacco High demand in Europe (1620-60) Intensive labor effort Virginia had perfect geography for growing tobacco Few roads, everything moved by water Indentured servants Rice and Indigo South Carolina Used slaves Rice and indigo could be grown in different seasons in different types of ground New England Diverse economy (Farming, Fishing, Shipbuilding, Sawmills, Etc.) Farming No large demand for their crops, No large plantations (Subsistence Farming) Main crop was corn Also barley, oats, rye, beans, peas, pumpkins, squash, apples, berries Raised livestock Fishing Grand Banks (Great spot for fishing) Brought most prosperity to New England Whaling (Cape Cod, Nantucket) Shipbuilding / Mills Lots of forests providing lumber Fall Line (Waterfalls created powered mills) Wood was important to every town Ships easily built because forests and mills were close to the coast Middle Colonies Agricultural Base (Most fertile land on the continent, Bread Basket colonies) Farmers produced a surplus Used rivers that ran deeper into the country to farm further inland Wheat Boom (Population explosion in Europe in early 1700s) New wave of immigrants, high demand for food Made some farmers in the middle colonies rich Entrepreneurs Capitalists Limits in technology kept many from becoming rich Only those that could hire extra workers or could rent out land got rich Colonial Society Southern Colonies Plantation system created a distinct class system Wealthy elite controlled the area (politics, economics) Planter Elite (Enormous economic and political influence) Plantations were their own communities (Schools, chapels, blacksmiths, etc.) Size of plantations grew with the change from indentured servants to slave labor in the early 1700s Building of mansions Copying English upper class Hired oversees to work the fields More leisure Backcountry Farmers (Yeomen) Owned most of the land in the South Former indentured servants Mostly subsistence farming Bacons Rebellion Sir William Berkeley Dispute over Native controlled land in the back country Nataniel Bacon Accelerated the use of slavery in Virginia Never would be free, so they couldnt own land Fewer white settlers were willing to become indentured servants Slavery 10-12 million transported from Africa between 1450 and 1870, 2 million of which died at sea 3.5 million Brazil 1.5 million Spanish colonies 4 million Carribean 500, 000 North America Horrific conditions on the voyage over Some could gain freedom by converting to Christianity As numbers increased status changed, soon all Africans were considered of a lower status
