gut microbiota metabolism of l-carnitine and cardiovascular risk Comparison short-term long-term effects of peroral intake: clinical implications of elevated TMAO levels in complications Microbiota in Gut‐Heart Axis: Metabolites
Microbiota in GutHeart Axis: Metabolites and Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Kondapalli 2025 Comprehensive Physiology Wiley Online Library TMAO: how gut microbiota contributes to heart failure ScienceDirect Revisiting the Role of Carnitine in Heart Disease Through the Lens of the Gut Microbiota PMC Pathobiological Relationship of Excessive Dietary Intake of Choline L Carnitine: A TMAO Precursor Associated Aggravation in Heart Failure in Sarcopenic Patients Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis PMC
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