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However, some peptides have been found to be misused for performance enhancement and are considered illegal

It has a preventive function on immune cells by activating 5 adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) due to its association with the autophagy-related gene and suppressing activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway (60, 61)

They do require distribution systems, however, and recent studies reveal the roles that the iron chaperones play in maintaining cellular iron balance and utilization (Patel et al., 2019)

doi: 10.1155/2021/6242798 639 LiuYQinWZhangFWangJLiXLiSet al

However, "rarely" doesn't mean "never." The FDA can and does pursue enforcement when circumstances warrant