Macrophages can secrete various cytokines, such as TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18, IL-23
4,11 Recent research has shifted toward elucidating the molecular pathways involved in DN to identify potential therapeutic targets
No IGF-1 elevation: HGH increases insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which promotes growth of all tissues - including potentially problematic growth
Instead, angle the needle so the stream of water runs down the inside wall of the glass vial
[Shingrix photo] KEY POINTS Non-live, recombinant subunit vaccine First non-live zoster vaccine to market FDA-approved in October 2017 for: Prevention of shingles (herpes zoster) in people aged 50 years or older In October 2017 the CDCs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted that Shingrix is recommended for healthy adults aged 50 years and older to prevent shingles and related complications Shingrix is recommended for adults who previously received the current shingles vaccine (Zostavax) to prevent shingles and related complications Shingrix is the preferred vaccine for preventing shingles and related complications Not indicated for prevention of chickenpox Efficacy exceeded 90% in phase-III trials which got it FDA-approved Given in two intramuscular doses Common side effects: muscle pain, headache, shivering, fever, upset stomach, tiredness, injection site pain, injection site redness, or injection site swelling Favorable data exists for: Adults older than 70 years Immunocompromised persons Prolonged immunogenicity and safety Reportedly CDC has recommended Shingrix over Zostavax for adults over 50 (including in persons already given Zostavax), however an official statement from CDC has yet to be released as of 26 October 2017 Cost data is pending RESOURCES Shingrix Package Insert Shingrix FDA Approval Letter CDC Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Webpage CDC Shingles/Herpes Zoster Vaccine Recommendations Efficacy of the Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine in Adults 70 Years of Age or Older
