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doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1759824 Received 03 December 2025 Revised 27 February 2026 Accepted 23 March 2026 Published 17 April 2026 Corrected 12 June 2026 Volume 17 - 2026 Edited by Xiaoxin Wang, Georgetown University Medical Center, United States Reviewed by Yunwen Yang, Nanjing Childrens Hospital, China Jn li, Army Medical University, China Updates Copyright 2026 Han, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Shen, Zhang, Xu, Zhou and Wang

When cells experience oxidative stress, Nrf2 dissociates from its repressor, Keap1, moves into the nucleus, and triggers the production of key antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase [35]

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 81.Narayan M

The enteric coating helps to protect the nutrients from stomach acid so they can be absorbed in the small intestine

In patients with WD with reproductive dysfunction, engineered extracellular vesicles delivering a copper-chelating ligand significantly reduced non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper (42.7%) and urinary copper (47.7%), normalized gonadotropin levels in 87.5% of patients and exhibited a favorable safety profile (6.25% mild gastrointestinal events) (231)