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Notably, persistent cells are highly dependent on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) which uses glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor to prevent iron-dependent lipid peroxides causing irreparable damage to the plasma membrane and ferroptotic death [21, 22]

For western blot analysis, 50 g of lysate was loaded onto sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, and transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore)

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To prevent this, sensor proteins such as Ku70/Ku80 detect lesions and trigger the activation of apical kinases (e.g., ATM/DNA-PK)

NQO1-mediated two electron reduction of quinone to hydroquinone thereby indirectly prevents the one electron reduction of quinone to the semiquinone free radical