1 Introduction Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) encompasses cognitive impairment or decline that occurs throughout the perioperative period, manifesting as deficits in orientation, attention, memory, and reaction time (Figure 1) ( Figure 1 PND is a widely recognized public health issue that may affect millions of patients annually ( Studies indicate that various perioperative risk factors may be associated with the development of PND, including advanced age, surgical site, type of surgery, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, hypotension and higher ASA physical status classes ( In recent years, the nutritional status has gained increasing research attention, with up to one-third of patients presenting with malnutrition or being at risk of malnutrition upon admission ( Recent research on the relationship between malnutrition and PND has highlighted the significant association between the two ( To conduct this narrative review, we searched the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus
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