l glutathione or nac N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) NAC

11.7 Ensuring safety and efficacy in novel applications Rigorous scientific evaluation is essential to exclude virulence factors, pathogenic potential, and the production of harmful metabolites, while also confirming a documented record of safe human consumption (536)

Statements Author contributions LF: Writing original draft

Du D, Qin M, Shi L, Liu C, Jiang J, Liao Z, et al

R., Wang, Y

5.4 Calcium Calcium is essential not only for bone development, coagulation, and cardiac function but also serves as a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger, playing a pivotal role in nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, secretory activities, cellular metabolism, immune responses, and enzyme activation (114)