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Abnormal mitochondrial ferroptosis is observed in the hearts of diabetic mice, mainly manifested by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulated expression of key enzymes involved in antioxidant defence (superoxide dismutase [SOD 2 ] and glutathione peroxidase 1 [GPX 1 ]) in the mitochondria, and significantly increased mitochondrial ROS levels (57)

Additionally, it has been found that nicotinamide can influence the expression of antioxidant enzymes, further boosting retinal resistance to oxidative stress (190)

125 (3S), e101827 (2024)

Moreover, LCA inhibits tumor growth by regulating ferroptosis, downregulating glutamine metabolism mediated by GLS, and reducing GLS expression and glutamine consumption [112]

Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I leading to NAD(+)/NADH imbalance in type 2 diabetic patients who developed late stent thrombosis: evidence from an integrative analysis of platelet bioenergetics and metabolomics