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TGF1 signaling stimulates the transcription of a cascade of genes related to ECM production, including collagens and fibronectin, and activation of myofibroblasts, which express -SMA 51,52

IGF-1R-Mediated Stemness in Cancer Stem Cells IGF-1R signaling had also been demonstrated to regulate the cancer stemness in various cancer stem cell models, such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer (Dallas et al., Liver Cancer Stem Cells Because studies on embryogenesis have suggested that the niche plays a role in the regulation of stem cell characteristics, we further extended this concept to cancer reprogramming to investigate the role of niche microenvironments in hijacking IGF-1R signaling to promote stemness properties in cancers

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Comparative analysis of gut microbiota composition across experimental groups Taxonomic shifts at genus and phylum levels based on DESeq2 analysis (Figure S2A-D): (1) Control vs

Conversely, palmitic acid triggers apoptosis via LC-CoA or other metabolites, in conjunction with endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction