glutathione uptake transport and compartmentation during abiotic stress conditions The functions of inter- and

Figure 1 Role of Magnesium in Oxidative Stress and Ocular Pathologies Oxidative stress (OS) is defined as an imbalance of oxidants to antioxidants, leading to lipid peroxidation and protein damage, further perpetuating an ongoing cycle of OS, causing aberrant ECM deposition, cytoskeletal changes within TM cell, and eventual apoptosis ( Specifically, magnesium deficiency disrupts the electron transport chain within the mitochondria by facilitating the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation leading to electron loss (56, 57)

GHIS, Collaborative Group

Pioglitazone, a PPAR- agonist, has been shown to positively influence mitochondrial biogenesis in individuals with diabetes and exhibits neuroprotective effects in mouse models of Alzheimers disease [172]

Aging 35 , 1510.e15171510.e1518 (2014)

APP cleaves to form amyloid beta (A), while hyperphosphorylation leads to the separation and aggregation of Tau proteins from microtubules, creating tangles in nerve fibers of nerve cells