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Moderate or high concentrations of lead can reduce sperm count, density, and motility, resulting in fertility problems in humans ( Heavy metal exposure is a potentially harmful factor in male sperm production and fertility ( Heavy metals cause toxicity by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, and signaling pathway disruption ( Lead and cadmium are endocrine disruptors that can change male hormone concentrations, leading to impaired semen quality and male infertility (Figure 1) ( Figure 1 Heavy metals found in seminal plasma can also increase the risk of poor sperm survival and abnormal sperm morphology (teratozoospermia) and ultimately affect male fertility by inducing ROS production, resulting in lipid peroxidation and sperm DNA damage ( Effects of nutrients on male spermatogenesis and sperm quality Effect of diet on male spermatogenesis and sperm quality Nutrients and lifestyle habits play significant roles in reproductive processes/conditions, particularly in male infertility

Regulatory circuitry governing fungal development, drug resistance, and disease

J.WilsonM

Engineering GST M22 for high activity with indene 1,2-oxide and indication of an H-site residue sustaining catalytic promiscuity

A.El-ShishtawyR