, 196 , 1450-1463, Wei-Jun, Z., Lei, H., and Zhi-Nan, X
Medicare Part D beneficiaries who reach the Donut Hole will also pay a maximum of 25% co-pay on generic drugs purchased while in the Coverage Gap (receiving a 75% discount)
The thiol group in cysteine cross-reacts with sulfonamide structures in ways that can trigger genuine immune responses
Abbreviations ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ACL: ATP-citrate lyase cGPDH: Cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cICD: Cytosolic NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase CPT I: Carnitine palmitoyl-transferase I FAS: Fatty acid synthase GDC: Glutamate decarboxylase GDH: Glutamate dehydrogenase GLUT1: Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 GLUT2: Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 GRX1: Glutaredoxin 1 GSIS: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion GTP-SCS: GTP-isoformed succinyl-CoA synthetase K ATP : ATP-sensitive potassium channel LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase MDH: Malate dehydrogenase ME: Malic enzyme ME1: Cytosolic malic enzyme ME2: Mitochondrial malic enzyme mGPDH: Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance NNT: Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase PC: Pyruvate carboxylase PDH: Pyruvate dehydrogenase PEP: Phosphoenolpyruvate PEPCK: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PEPCK-M: Mitochondrial PEPCK PEPCK-C: Cytosolic PEPCK ROS: Reactive oxygen species siRNA: Small interfering RNA SUR1: Sulfonylurea receptor 1 TCA: Tricarboxylic acid TRX1: Thioredoxin 1 UCP2: Uncoupling protein 2 References MacDonald MJ, Fahien LA, Brown LJ, Hasan NM, Buss JD, Kendrick MA (2005) Perspective: emerging evidence for signaling roles of mitochondrial anaplerotic products in insulin secretion
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