Abbreviations CSCs: Cancer stem cells CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 PD-1: Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 PD-L1: Programmed Death Ligand 1 NSCLC: Non-small-cell lung cancer MDR: Multi-drug resistant HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma DTP: Drug-tolerant persister DNMTs: DNA Methyltransferases DNAm: DNA methylation 5-FU: 5-Fluorouracil P-gp: P-glycoprotein Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 Bcl-xl: B-cell lymphoma-extra large IAPs: Inhibitors of apoptosis Bid: BH3 interacting-domain death agonist Bax: Bcl-2 Associated X-protein Bim: Bcl-2 Interacting Mediator of cell death PUMA: P53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis CRC: Colorectal carcinoma DOX: Doxorubicin MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase KMTs: Histone lysine methyltransferase PRMTs: Protein arginine methyl transferase GSH: Glutathione DNA-PK: DNA-dependent protein kinase SASP: Senescence-associated secretory phenotype AML: Acute myeloid leukemia Notch 1: Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 Wnt: Wingless-related integration site TGF-: Transforming growth factor- ESCs: Embryonic stem cells SOX2: Sex determining region Y-box 2 OCT4: Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 KLF4: Kruppel-like factor 4 SALL4: Sal-like protein 4 FOXM1: Forkhead box protein M1 Hh: Hedgehog Chk: Checkpoint kinase UBC: Urothelial bladder cancer EMT: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition MET: Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition TNBC: Triple-negative breast cancer ABCG: ATP binding cassette subfamily G FBXO21: F-Box Protein 21 GSTp: Glutathione S-transferase p uPA: Urokinase Plasminogen Activator HIF-1: Hypoxia Inducible factor-1 CRISPR/Cas9: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/ Caspase 9 ATG: Autophagy-related ROS: Reactive oxygen species ALDH: Aldehyde dehydrogenase TNBCSC: Triple-negative breast cancer stem cells JAK/STAT: Janus Kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription IL: Interleukin CCL2: CC-Chemokine ligand 2 CSF1: Colony stimulating factor 1 CSF2: Colony stimulating factor 2 HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor MIF: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor CX3CL1: C-X3-C motif Chemokine ligand 1 PGE2: Prostaglandin E2 SDF-1: Stromal cell-derived factor 1 LOX: Lysyl oxidase CCL3: CC-Chemokine ligand 3 CCL5: CC Chemokine ligand 5 VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A PTN: Pleiotrophin HMGB1: High-mobility group box 1 TAMs: Tumor-associated macrophages EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor IDO1: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 PGE: Prostaglandin ENTPD2: Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 CD: Clusters of differentiation MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells CAR T cell: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell CRS: Cytokine release syndrome ZEB1: Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 HDAC: Histone deacetylase ATM: Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated PCAF: p300/CBP-associated factor FBXW7: F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 TWIST1: Twist-related protein 1 OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation LMP: Lysosomal membrane permeability UCP2: Uncoupler protein 2 mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin NF-B: Nuclear factor- B STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription3 MRP: Multidrug resistance protein TRAIL: Tumor related apoptosis-inducing ligand GBM: Glioblastoma multiforme VIM: Vimentin VDAC: Voltage-dependent anion channel OHCP: 4-Hydroxy-cyclophosphamide OATPs: Organic anion-transporting polypeptides LRP: Lung resistance-related protein UPR: Unfolded protein response LC3: Light chain 3 CML: Chronic myelogenic leukemia cells (CML) JNK: Jun N-terminal kinase DUSP4: Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ATF4: Activating transcription factor 4 ZNF143: Zinc-finger factor 143 YB-1: Y-box binding protein-1 BUB1: Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 CCNB1: Cyclin B1 CENPE: Centromere protein E CENPF: Centromere protein F References Nikolaou M, et al
Deep sequencing investigations have revealed that the glutathione cycle and the expression profiles of GST are regulated by various plant-virus interactions involving Tobamovirus ( Geminivirus ( Tenuivirus (Sun et al., 2016)
It also avoids digestions breakdown which can strain the intracellular glutathione levels
Cardiovasc ReS
Common indicators include: Elevated homocysteine levels (above 10-15 mol/L) Chronic fatigue and low energy Anxiety, depression, or brain fog Hormonal imbalances (PMS, infertility, irregular periods) Recurrent miscarriages or pregnancy complications Cardiovascular issues (high blood pressure, blood clots) Digestive problems (IBS, bloating, food sensitivities) Chronic inflammation or autoimmune conditions Many people discover they have an MTHFR mutation after experiencing unexplained health issues or through genetic testing ordered by their healthcare provider
