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When considering Alpha Lipoic Acid supplementation, it is crucial to understand that the molecule exists as two mirror-image isomers (enantiomers): R-Lipoic Acid (R-ALA) and S-Lipoic Acid (S-ALA)

10.1021/acsnano.3c00093 85 HartingM

This activity is primarily driven by three key mechanisms: scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and chelating metal ions like iron or copper [88,89,90]

It is particularly common in individuals with certain risk factors, including those who have undergone gastric or small intestine resections, have inflammatory bowel disease, use metformin or proton pump inhibitors, follow a vegan diet, or are older than 75 years