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Nomenclature and classification of lumbar disc pathology

Derbyshire, E., & Obeid, R

Nature 474 , 506510 (2011)

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3.4.1 Oxidative stress-endocrine axis integration ROS accumulation triggers activation of stress-activated protein kinases (JNK/p38 pathway), which subsequently inhibits AR transcriptional activity, creating a cascade that disrupts testosterone synthesis ( 3.4.2 Metabolism-immune-epigenetic crosstalk Inflammatory mediators including TNF- and NF-B activation modulate AR signaling capacity while IL-6 triggers DNA methylation changes that affect spermatogenesis ( 3.5 Emerging epigenetic mechanisms Recent investigations have revealed the critical role of non-coding RNAs and chromatin modifications in mediating EED-induced reproductive toxicity, providing new insights into both immediate and transgenerational effects