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These bacteria have a positive effect on the production of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate ( Butyrate is the main energy source for colonocytes and it performs several important functions such as maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating mucosal immune homeostasis, suppressing colonic NF-B-driven inflammation, inducing histone deacetylase inhibition, histone acetylation, gene expression changes, epigenetic gene regulation, and promoting apoptosis in pre-neoplastic colonocytes (Figure 2 shows the main mechanisms by which various compounds of plant-based diets regulate the composition of the gut microbiota and health outcomes

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 190.Akinola S.A., Adeyemo R.O., Binuyo M.O., Adegboyega T.T., Buhari M.O., Adebayo I.A

This dysfunction exerts a profound influence on both bioenergetic metabolism and non-energetic pathogenesis [18]

A simplified schematic illustration of the progression from simple hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis is presented in Figure 2

This might possibly be due to the engineered control circuits responding to the target product intermediate, limiting any improvement in production beyond initial control levels