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10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01257

Identifying patients with advanced PD is a critical but insufficient step

Consequently, the antioxidant enzymes produced may be inadequate in clearing the excessive ROS, resulting in continuous oxidative damage to intestinal cells

Ferroptosis and autophagy In the process of autophagy, lysosomal fusion merge with autophagosomes to form autolysosomes, which are crucial for sustaining cellular renewal and metabolic processes [122]

However, the current studies on GA have not extensively investigated the role of unsaturated FAs in regulating the GA pathway, and the existing research remains incomplete