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Over the past several years, it has become the subject of laboratory and animal research exploring its potential effects on tissue healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal function

References 1 AdapenC.ROTL.NunezN.CannouC.MarlinR.LematreJ.et al

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J Environ Biol 24:107117 Singh R, Singh DP, Kumar N, Bhargava SK, Barman SC (2010) Accumulation and transcolation of heavy metals in soil and plants from fly ash contamination

CHAC1 further exacerbates cellular stress by degrading GSH, intensifying oxidative damage and ultimately driving ferroptotic cell death (Figure 5) ( FIGURE 5 While the eIF2K3/PERK-eIF2-ATF4 cascade, another branch of the ISR, can modulate ferroptosis in the context of ER stress, cysteine deprivation selectively activates GCN2 rather than PERK, highlighting distinct regulatory mechanisms ( Cysteine starvation triggers mitochondrial fragmentation, impairs mitochondrial function and leads to the accumulation of ROS ( CHAC1 is upregulated through the ATF4-dependent ISR pathway, where it degrades GSH to liberate cysteine needed for the synthesis of Fe-S cluster proteins (Ward et al., 2024)