Our research team previously demonstrated that the estrogen/GPER/PKA signaling axis in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within triple-negative breast cancer mediates the synthesis and secretion of lactic acid and glutamine, exacerbating the metabolic remodeling of breast cancer and leading to multidrug resistance in tumor cells [227, 243], a process known as the reverse Warburg effect
Disease-specific features are described across Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, Multiple sclerosis, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, emphasizing the distinct and overlapping pathways through which gut dysbiosis may contribute to pathogenesis
Activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway promotes liver fibrosis and hepatic sinusoidal microthrombosis
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Iran National Science Foundation (PN: 4004326) in providing scientific support to complete this project
*Correspondence: Zhaohu Xie, [email protected] Li, [email protected] Xie, [email protected] These authors have contributed equally to this work Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers