parent compound), retinal (all- trans- retinaldehyde
Measurement of plasma glutathione Plasma glutathione concentration was measured according to our previously reported protocol [13]
As understanding of ferroptosis mechanisms deepens and multidisciplinary innovations progress, a multifaceted approach to targeting ferroptosis may ultimately emerge as a breakthrough for OA management by delaying disease progression and enhancing patients quality of life
This not only enhances accumulation at the disease site but also potentially improves cellular uptake and efficacy while minimizing off-target effects and systemic exposure to high doses ( 8.5.4.6 Microencapsulation and spherical crystallization These techniques aim to encapsulate curcumin within micro-sized particles or create spherical agglomerates to improve flowability, compressibility, and dissolution rate, indirectly contributing to better absorption ( 8.5.5 General limitations of bioavailability enhancement strategies for curcumin While significant progress has been made in enhancing curcumins bioavailability, several limitations and challenges are associated with the current and novel strategies ( 8.5.5.1 Complexity and cost of manufacturing Many advanced formulations, particularly those involving nanotechnology (liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, SMEDDS), require complex manufacturing processes, specialized equipment, and stringent quality control
Fundam Clin Pharmacol 12:164172 Zhang WJ, Wei H, Hagen T, Frei B (2007) Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory responses by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway
