l-carnitine side effects fishy odor nausea diarrhea L-Carnitine: Benefits, Uses, and Digestive Enzymes Benefits: Who Should

PMID 16756494

Bioengineered 12 , 52795288 (2021)

First, genetic alterations in mtDNA, including mtDNA point mutations, diabetes-related mtDNA polymorphisms, ethnicity-specific mtDNA haplogroups, and low mtDNA copy number, have been reported to be associated with defective insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both [4-8]

9,10 Mitochondria, which are critical for cellular respiration and metabolism, suffer damage to their own mitochondrial DNA by the actions of reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite compounds, and they have been directly implicated in the process leading to cessation of ATP synthesis

Some of them were identified as variants of concern given their association with higher severity of COVID-19 disease